B. Sc.- II Zoology Practical Link By Dr. Vidhin Kamble Sangola College, Sangola

Monday, December 5, 2022

Qualitative tests of functional groups in Protein

Qualitative tests of functional groups in Protein

Aim:- Detection of Protein

Preparation of Sample solution for protein test.

For experiments fresh 5% solution of egg white is prepared. Egg white is filtered through cotton. Dissolve 5ml of egg white into 95 ml of distilled water for 5% egg white solution. Proteins show both precipitation and colour reactions.

Preliminary test for identification of unknown substance from the sample

Sr. No.	Test	Observation	Inference
1	Preliminary Test	coagulation	Protein may be present carbohydrates may be present
1	Preliminary Test	No coagulation	carbohydrates may be present
2	Biurate test Take 3 ml of 5% O.S. in a test tube, add 1 ml of 40% NaOH solution to make it strongly alkaline, and then add 2 drops of 1 % copper sulphate solution.	Violet or pink colour appears.	Protein may be present.
3		No violet or pink colour	Carbohydrates may be present.

Qualitative tests of functional groups in Protein

Test for Protein

Proteins, found in animals and plants are important building blocks formed by amino acids, condensed together by a peptide linkage. They contain free amino and carboxyl groups and so they can combine with bases and acids depending upon the pH of the medium. On hydrolysis, proteins break into peptones, proteoses, peptides and amino acids. Chemical behaviour of the proteins is due to the amino acids in the protein molecules.

Sr. No.	Test	Observation	Inference
1	Mercuric chloride test. In a test tube take 3 ml of 5% O.S. then add mercuric chloride drop by drop.	White turbidity is produced first which becomes thick and granular.	Protein is present
2	Precipitation of proteins with heavy metals O.S+Hgcl₂ drop by drop + lead acetate	White ppt.	Protein present
3	Hellers' test. (Ring test) Take 3 ml of concentrated HN03 in a test tube and then add very carefully 3 ml of 5% egg white solution by means of a pipette in such a manner that it forms upper layer. Mix gradually by rotating between palms.	A white ring is formed at the junction of the two solutions.	Protein is present
4	Ninhydrin test. Take 1 ml of 5% O.S. and add 4 drops of 0.1 % ninhydrin solution and boil for one minute. Cool the test tube.	Blue colour develops.	Protein present
5	Xantho protein Recⁿ O.S. + 1ml HNO₃(conc.) & then boil	White ppt turns Yellow after boiling	Protein confirmed
6	Million test:- O.S.. +2ml HgSo₄boil cocl+ few drops of NaNO2 then heat	Yellow to dark red ppt	Protein confirmed

Result: The given sample contains protein.

Qualitative tests of functional groups Protein/ Carbohydrate and Lipids.

Use this link for the procedure

1. Qualitative test for functional groups in carbohydrates.+

Qualitative tests of functional groups in carbohydrates

Qualitative tests of functional groups in Carbohydrate

Carbohydrates are abundantly found in the plants and as glycogen in the animals. In animals they are found in free stored state as glycogen or in combination with proteins as glycoprotein. The name carbohydrate is given because they are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms.

Many carbohydrates are of low molecular weight and having sweet taste. Carbohydrates are classified into 3 groups : (1) Monosaccharides or simple sugars (C6H1206), (2) Di- and tri-saccharides or compound sugars, (3) Polysaccharides.

For experiment make 2% solutions of the Dextrose-D or Fructose and perform the following experiments in order to identify the reducing action of glucose and fructose

Sr. No.	Test	Observation	Inference
1	Reduction test. In a test tube take 3 ml of distilled water, then add a drop of methylene blue (1%). The water becomes blue coloured. Add 0.5 cc of 40% NaOH. Boil the solution. Colour is not discharged, blue colour remains. Add 1 ml of 0.2% OS and boil.	Decoloration	Carbohydrate may be present.
2	Fehling's test. Procedure: Take 5ml of Fehling's solution and boil. Add 1 ml of OS and boil again.	Yellow or brick-red precipitate	Glucose is present.
3	Benedict's test. In a test tube 5 ml of Benedict's reagent, then add 0.5 ml of glucose solution and heat to boiling. Boil for 2 minutes. Cool the solution under tap water.	Green, yellow or red precipitate
4	Picric acid test. In a test tube take 3 ml of 2% O.S. then add 1 ml of picric acid saturated solution and then add 1 ml of 40% NaOH.	Formation of red colour.	Glucose is present
5	Rapid furfural test. Take 1 ml of 2% fructose solution, add 6 drops at a-naphthol, then add 5 ml of conc. HCI in a test tube and boil.	Deep purple colour appears.	Fructose is present

Result: The given sample contains Glucose / Fructose

Monday, June 7, 2021

B. Sc- II Zoology practical

S.T.U.S. Mandal’s

Sangola College, Sangola

Department of Zoology

B. Sc- II Zoology Practical-II- (Paper-VII & VIII)

Fundamentals Of Biochemistry And Animal Physiology: Controlling And Coordinating Systems

Index

(Instruction- All student should use this index while writing record book – For procedure and observation Link is given below each practical.)

(Gives your valuable suggestion and comments in comment box. And Follow my blog fro further in formations )

1. Qualitative tests of functional groups Protein/ Carbohydrate and Lipids.

Use this link for procedure

1. Qualitative test for functional groups in carbohydrates.+

https://zoology-manual2020.blogspot.com/2021/05/qualitative-analysis-of-biomolecule.html

2. Qualitative Test for functional groups in proteins.

https://zoology-manual2020.blogspot.com/2021/05/qualitative-tests-of-functional-groups.html

3. Qualitative tests of functional groups in lipids.

https://zoology-manual2020.blogspot.com/2021/05/qualitative-tests-of-functional-groups_29.html

2. Estimation of Protein by colorimetric method.

https://zoology-manual2020.blogspot.com/2021/05/to-estimate-concentration-of-protein-in.html

3. Estimation carbohydrates by colorimetric method –

https://zoology-manual2020.blogspot.com/2021/05/estimation-of-carbohydrate-by-anthrone.html

4. Demonstration of paper chromatography of amino acids.

https://zoology-manual2020.blogspot.com/2021/05/4-demonstration-of-paper-chromatography.html

5. Action of amylase or papain enzyme under optimum conditions.

6. Effect of pH on the action of amylase.

https://zoology-manual2020.blogspot.com/2021/05/o-study-effect-of-different-ph-on.html

7. Effect of temperature on the action of amylas.

https://zoology-manual2020.blogspot.com/2021/05/to-study-effect-of-different_19.html

8. Effect of inhibitors on the action of amylase

https://zoology-manual2020.blogspot.com/2021/05/to-study-effect-of-inhibitors-on-action.html

9. Demonstration of proteins separation by SDS-PAGE.

10. Recording of simple muscle twitch demonstration. (Virtual frog/ computer generated).

https://zoology-manual2020.blogspot.com/2021/05/recording-of-simple-muscle-twitch.html

11. Recording of Cardiogram – demonstration. (Virtual frog/ computer generated)

https://zoology-manual2020.blogspot.com/2021/05/study-of-normal-cardiogram-demonstration.html

(Analysis of given graph of Frog- muscle twitch or cardiogram In the examination students are provided with any one computer generated graph and supposed to ‘Analyze the given graph and explain details of principle, procedure, result, Inference and viva-voce based on the given practical is expected).

12. Study of permanent slides (T.S./V,S.) - of Mammalian organs using permanent slides:

i) V. S. of Tooth

https://zoology-manual2020.blogspot.com/2021/05/histology-of-tooth.html

ii) T. S. of Salivary gland

https://zoology-manual2020.blogspot.com/2021/05/histological-structure-of-salivary-gland.html

iii) T. S. of Stomach

https://zoology-manual2020.blogspot.com/2021/05/t.html

iv) T. S. of IIeum

https://zoology-manual2020.blogspot.com/2021/05/histology-of-intestine-intestine-is.html

v) T. S. of Liver

https://zoology-manual2020.blogspot.com/2021/05/histology-of-liver.html

vi) T. S. of Pancreas